isiZulu

Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza I-Vitamin C: Umhlahlandlela Wemboni Wesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Isidingo se-ascorbic acid siyaqhubeka nokukhula emhlabeni jikelele emithini, ekudleni naseziphuzweni, ezithasiseleni zokudla okunempilo, ezimonyweni nasekudleni kwezilwane, okuqhuba isidingo sobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokukhiqiza i-vitamin C. Indlela yokukhiqiza i-vitamin C ithuthuke kusukela endleleni yokuqala yokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali kuya enkambisweni yokubilisa enezinyathelo ezimbili ephumelela kakhulu futhi enakekela imvelo. Le ndlela yamanje iqala nge-glucose njengezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi isebenzisa izinhlobo zamagciwane ezikhethiwe ngokukhethekile ukuze ziyiguqule ibe yi-Vitamin C emsulwa kakhulu. Ukugxila okwandayo kwemboni ekulawuleni izindleko, ukuzinza kwenqubo kanye nokukhiqizwa okusimeme kwenze inqubo yokubilisa enezinyathelo ezimbili yaba inketho ethandwayo yokukhiqizwa okukhulu. Nasi umhlahlandlela ophelele, wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo embonini wokuthi i-Vitamin C yesimanje yenziwa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izici okufanele zibhekwe lapho kuklanywa ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni.

ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-vitamin c

Kungani Izimboni Zomhlaba Wonke Zishintshela Kubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza I-Vitamin C Yesimanje

Ngaphambi kokuhlola isigaba ngasinye sokukhiqiza, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani imakethe isuke emikhondweni yamakhemikhali emidala yaya ezindleleni ze-biotechnology. Kumabhizinisi afuna ukungena noma ukwandisa kulo mkhakha, izici ezilandelayo zithonya ngqo kokubili ukuncintisana kanye nokukhula kwesikhathi eside.

Imikhawulo Yezindlela Zokukhiqiza Zendabuko

Indlela yokuqala yokuhweba yeVithamini C kwakuyinqubo yeReichstein eyayihlanganisa izigaba eziningi zokusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Nakuba leli cebo laphumelela ngaleso sikhathi, lalidinga amandla engeziwe, isikhathi eside sokucubungula kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Eminyakeni edlule le mikhawulo iqhube amabhizinisi ukuthi asebenzise izixazululo ezisekelwe ekuvuthweni okulula ukuzigcina esikalini sezimboni ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza okuphelele.

Ukuvuka Kokuvutshelwa Kwezinyathelo Ezimbili

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokukhiqiza i-vitamin c bugxile ohlelweni lokubilisa amagciwane olunezinyathelo ezimbili. Esikhundleni sokuthembela ezinyathelweni eziningana zokuvikela kanye ne-oxidation ngezindlela zamakhemikhali kuphela, izinhlobo zamagciwane eziklanyiwe zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezibalulekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Inzuzo enkulu ilele ekugelezeni kwayo okulula, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nenqubo ehlanzekile kakhulu iyonke.

Umzila Wokukhiqiza	Inani Lezinyathelo Eziyisihluthulelo	Isidingo Samandla	Impembelelo yemvelo
I-Reichstein (Yekhemikhali)	Izinyathelo eziningi zamakhemikhali	Ngokuqhathaniswa High	Umthwalo we-solvent ophezulu
Ukuvutshelwa Kwezinyathelo Ezimbili	Ukuguqulwa Kwe-Microbial + Kokugcina	Okuthuthukisiwe Kakhulu	Okuphansi futhi okulawulwa kakhulu

Isidingo Semakethe Esiqhuba Ukwamukelwa Kwezimboni

Isidingo esikhulayo sokudla okusebenzayo, izithasiselo zokudla, iziphuzo, kanye nemikhiqizo yemithi sishukumisela abakhiqizi ukuba bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-vitamin C. Abathengi balindela ngokwengeziwe ubumsulwa obuqhubekayo, ikhwalithi ezinzile, kanye nokunikezwa okuthembekile kunokuba kube yimikhiqizo emikhulu nje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abakhiqizi bangaphansi kwengcindezi yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke sikhula. Izinhlelo zokukhiqiza zesimanje zinganikeza ukulawula okuqinile kokubilisa, ukuguqulwa, ukuhlanzwa, kanye nokwenza i-crystallization, okusiza abakhiqizi ukuthi bagcine imininingwane efanayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Abakhiqizi abagxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe nabo badinga izinqubo ezingazivumelanisa nezidingo zamakhasimende ezahlukene kanye nezindinganiso zekhwalithi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukutshalwa kwezimali emishinini ebuyekeziwe, ukwenza ngcono izinqubo, kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi engcono kuba yingxenye ebalulekile yokugcina ukuncintisana embonini ye-vitamin C.

Izinto Zokusetshenziswa kanye Nesigaba Sokuqala Sokuvutshelwa

Ukuguqulwa kokuqala kwe-bioconversion okulawulwayo kanye nokukhetha okufanele kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuyisiqalo senqubo ye-Vitamin C ezinzile nephumelelayo. Lesi sigaba simelela isikhungo esizinzile senqubo elandelayo yokubilisa futhi sisungula isisekelo salo lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqiza.

Ukukhetha Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo Ezifanelekile

Indawo yokuqala yokubilisa kwanamuhla ngokuvamile i-glucose etholakala ezitshalweni zokudla ezisekelwe kusitashi. I-glucose ifakwa i-hydrogenated ukuze ikhiqize i-D-sorbitol, esebenza njengomthombo wekhabhoni wokubilisa kokuqala kwamagciwane. Ikhwalithi kanye nobumsulwa be-glucose kanye ne-sorbitol kunethonya eliqondile ekusebenzeni kwamagciwane. Ukucaciswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingaguquki kusiza ukugcina isivuno esizinzile futhi kunciphise ukuhlukahluka okungafuneki kusuka ku-batch kuya ku-batch kulo lonke ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-vitamin C.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-Sorbitol ibe yi-L-Sorbose ngama-Microbial

Esigabeni sokuqala sokubilisa, amabhaktheriya athile, ngokuvamile i-Gluconobacter oxydans, aguqula i-D-sorbitol ibe yi-L-sorbose. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aerobic ezilawulwa ngokucophelela, la mabhaktheriya axuba iqembu elikhulu lotshwala le-sorbitol libe yi-L-sorbose. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwe-bio kukhetha kakhulu futhi kwenziwa ematangini okubilisa angaphansi kwamanzi lapho izinga lokushisa, umoya kanye ne-pH kulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi wamabhaktheriya isikhathi eside.

Izimo Zokulawula Isivuno Esiphezulu

Ukukhiqiza kwesigaba sokuqala kuhlobene kakhulu nokulawulwa kwenqubo kunokuba kube yisivinini nje. Inqubo yokubola incike ekuphefumuleni ngakho-ke amazinga e-oxygen ancibilikisiwe kumele abe phezulu ngokwanele. Ukulinganisela izakhamzimba kanye nokuphathwa kwe-foam kanye nokusebenza okuhlanzekile nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhaktheriya agcinwa esimweni sawo sokukhiqiza i-metabolism. Uma lesi sinyathelo siphathwa kahle sikhiqiza i-intermediate yokuguqulwa ephezulu enikeza isisekelo esiqinile kakhulu sesigaba sesibili sokuvutshelwa esizolandela.

Ukubiliswa Kwesibili Nokwakheka Kwesihluthulelo Esiphakathi

Ngokwakhela phezu kwe-L-sorbose etholwe esigabeni sokuqala, ukubiliswa kwesibili kumelela isinyathelo esiyinhloko se-biotechnological salo lonke inqubo. Kulapha lapho isakhiwo sama-molecule sisondela khona ku-ascorbic acid ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation yama-microbial.

Ukuguqula i-L-Sorbose ibe yi-2-Keto-Gulonic Acid

Enqubweni yokubilisa enezinyathelo ezimbili, izinhlobo zamagciwane eziguquliwe ziphinde zixube i-L-sorbose ukuze zakhe i-2-keto-gulonic acid (2-KGA), okuyisandulela esiqondile se-Vitamin C. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa i-co-culture noma uhlelo oluhlelwe kahle olunezinhlayiya ezincane ezifana ne-Acetobacter kanye ne-Gluconobacter oxydans derivatives ukuze kuqedwe ngempumelelo i-oxidation enezinyathelo ezimbili. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kugwema izigaba eziningana eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-chemical oxidation ezisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zangaphambilini.

Amapharamitha Enqubo Athonya Ukukhiqiza

Ukuzinza kwezimboni kulesi sigaba kudinga ukulawulwa okuseduze kwezici eziningi ezihlobene. Lezi zindlela ezilandelayo ngokuvamile zicatshangelwa lapho kwenziwa ngcono ukubiliswa kwesibili ukuze kukhiqizwe kahle:

Ipharamitha engukhiye	Ukucatshangelwa Kobubanzi Okuvamile	Indima Esigabeni Sokuvutshelwa
Temperature	Ilawulwa futhi izinzile	Kusiza ukugcina umsebenzi wama-enzyme wamaseli ebhaktheriya
pH	Ine-asidi encane	Isekela ukuqina kwe-oxidation okukhethiwe kanye nokuqina kwamasiko
I-Oxygen Encibilikile	Okwanele futhi okufanayo	Kubalulekile ekufakweni kwe-L-sorbose nge-aerobic oxidation
Isikhathi sokuvutshelwa	Umjikelezo olawulwayo oweluliwe	Ivumela ukuguqulwa okugcwele kube yi-2-KGA
Ukuthobeka	Kugcinwe ngokuqinile	Kuvimbela ukungcola ngesikhathi sokukhuliswa kwabantu abaningi

Ukusebenza Kahle Nokukhula Kwalesi Sigaba

Amandla alokhu kubila asekelwe ekukhetheni kwayo, njengoba ama-microorganisms engenza i-oxidation ethile yesifunda ngemizila emincane eseceleni uma eklanywe kahle. Ngomklamo wenqubo ovuthiwe, i-carbon flux iqondiswe ekwakhekeni kwe-2-KGA, okuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphelele futhi kusiza ukwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza amayunithi. Leli zinga lokusebenza kahle lingenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokukhiqiza i-vitamin c bube nokuncintisana emhlabeni wonke futhi bufanelekela kahle ukwanda okuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezinkulu zezimboni.

Ukwenziwa Kwekristalu, Ukuhlanzwa kanye Nokuqedwa Komkhiqizo

Uma i-2-keto-gulonic acid isitholiwe ngokubilisa, isigaba sebhayoloji siqediwe. Isigaba sokucubungula esingezansi sibaluleke ngokulinganayo, njengoba sinquma ubumsulwa, ukuzinza, ukubukeka kanye nezinga lomkhiqizo wokugcina weVithamini C.

I-Lactonization kanye ne-Enolation eyenziwe nge-Acid-Catalyzed

I-2-KGA ephakathi nendawo ibe isifakwa i-lacton ngaphansi kwezimo ze-acidic ezilawulwayo, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwendandatho ye-lactone ephawuleka nge-L-ascorbic acid. Ngemuva kwalokho lokho kuhlanganiswa kwenzeka. Lokhu kubalulekile ekwakheni i-oxidized/encishisiwe efanele ye-Vitamin C. Zombili izinqubo zidinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwezinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokusabela kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-asidi. Ukulawulwa okuhle kwalesi sigaba sokuqeda amakhemikhali kuvumela i-intermediate etholakala ekuvuthweni ukuthi iguqulwe ibe yi-ascorbic acid yezinga eliphezulu ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kokucubungula.

Ukuhlanzwa, Ukususwa Kombala Nokucwengisiswa

Uma ukwakheka kwendandatho sekuqediwe, isixazululo se-ascorbic acid eluhlaza sihlanganisa inani elincane lokungcola kanye namakhemikhali abangela umbala athathwe ezigabeni zangaphambilini. Ukuhlanganiswa kokwelashwa okusebenzayo, ukuhlunga, ukulawula ukwakheka kwekristalu kanye nokuwasha kuyaphumelela ekususeni lokhu kungcola. Kuye ngokuthi kuhloswe ukuthi kusetshenziswe kanjani kwezokwelapha, ukupheka, isithasiselo sokudla noma izimonyo, ukwakheka kwekristalu okuphindaphindiwe noma okulawulwayo kungasetshenziswa ukuthola umkhiqizo emazingeni ahlukahlukene okuhlanzeka. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuvumela ukuzivumelanisa kwayo yonke inqubo nezidingo ezahlukene zemakethe.

Ukomisa, Ukupakisha kanye Nokuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi

Amakristalu amsulwa omiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganiselwe ukuze umkhiqizo uzinze ngaphambi kokumiswa. Ukulawulwa komswakama kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba kuthinta ngqo impilo yeshelufu kanye nezimfanelo zokugeleza kwempuphu. Iqoqo ngalinye lihlolwa ngokuqinile ukusebenza/ubumsulwa, umswakama, ukubukeka, ukuncibilika kanye nemikhawulo yezinto eziphilayo. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kwenziwa kulo lonke uchungechunge ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, ngakho-ke i-vitamin C yokugcina ihlala igcwalisa izidingo ezilindelwe ngamakhasimende omhlaba wonke athola ngomhlinzeki wezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-vitamin c othembekile.

Ukwenyuka Kwezimboni, Ukulawulwa Kwezindleko kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwesikhathi Eside

Kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokutshala imali, impumelelo yelabhorethri yodwa ayanele. Inani langempela lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-vitamin c lilele ekutheni bungasetshenziswa kanjani, bubekwe endaweni futhi bugcinwe ukuze kukhiqizwe isikhathi eside.

Kusukela Embonini Yokuhlola Kuya Ekusebenzeni Kwezimboni Ezinkulu

Ukwandisa amatangi okubilisa kusuka ebhentshini kuya ezimbonini kuwubunjiniyela obukhulu kakhulu kunokwandisa ivolumu. Kumasayizi amakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa umoya-mpilo, ukususwa kokushisa, ukuxubana kwe-homogeneity kanye ne-hydrodynamics yamathangi kuyashintshwa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa iphakheji yobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zokuhlola, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza okutholakale ekuhlolweni kwezinga elincane kungaphindaphindwa njalo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kwezentengiselwano. Lokhu kunciphisa izingozi zokukhonjiswa futhi kusiza ukuvikela isivuno esibikezelwe uma indawo isiqalile ukusebenza.

Ukulawula Izindleko Zokukhiqiza Ngaphandle Kokwehlisa Ikhwalithi

Izindleko zokusebenza zingenye yezinselelo ezinkulu kubatshalizimali bezimboni. Izindleko zeyunithi yeVithamini C zithonywa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziguquguqukayo, eziningi zazo ezingathuthukiswa ngokuklama kwenqubo okuphumelelayo. Ngokuphathwa okuphumelelayo kwe-feed-batch ekuvuthweni, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, umoya ophefumulayo kanye nokwanda kokubuyiselwa kwemali, izindleko eziphelele zingancishiswa ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Isixazululo esihle sobuchwepheshe sihlelwe ngokucophelela futhi sibhekana nalezi zindawo ezisebenzayo hhayi nje ngezindinganiso zethiyori.

Ukwakhiwa Kwendawo Nokukhula Kwesikhathi Eside Okusimeme

Ukusebenza kungenye yamaqiniso abaluleke kakhulu ku-biotech yezimboni. Impumelelo yalobu buchwepheshe ivame ukusekelwe kusisekelo senqubo esijwayelekile, kanti ingxenye enkulu ivela endaweni efanele ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwephrojekthi okuqinisekisiwe. Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kufanele kulungiswe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala endaweni ngokusekelwe kusitashi, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, isakhiwo sabasebenzi kanye nezidingo zokulawula indawo. Le ndlela eguquguqukayo isekela abanikazi bephrojekthi ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokukhula nokwakha amandla okukhiqiza azinzile futhi alawulekayo okuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yesikhathi eside.

ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-vitamin c

Isiphetho

Ngamafuphi, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Vitamin C : Umhlahlandlela Wemboni Yesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo ukhombisa ukuthi inqubo yesimanje yokuvubela enezinyathelo ezimbili inikeza indlela ewusizo, ephumelelayo nehlanzekile yokukhiqizwa kwe-ascorbic acid enkulu. Kusukela ekuguqulweni kwe-glucose kanye nokuvubela i-sorbitol kuya ekwakhekeni kwe-2-KGA, i-lactonization kanye nokuhlanzwa kokugcina, isigaba ngasinye sidlala indima eqondile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuzinza kwezindleko. Ngokutholakala kwendawo efanele kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe okuthembekile, abakhiqizi bangafinyelela ukukhiqizwa kwe-Vitamin C okuqhubekayo, okumsulwa okuphezulu okuletha inani elihlala njalo emakethe yomhlaba wonke yanamuhla yokuncintisana.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwenqubo yeReichstein nobuchwepheshe besimanje bokukhiqiza i-vitamin c?

Inqubo yeReichstein incike kakhulu ezinyathelweni eziningi zamakhemikhali kanye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo, kuyilapho ukubilisa kwesimanje okunezinyathelo ezimbili kusebenzisa izinhlobo zamagciwane ukwenza ukuguqulwa okubalulekile. Lokhu kwenza inqubo esekelwe ekubiliseni ibe ngcono kakhulu, ibe lula ukuyilinganisa futhi ihambisane kangcono nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile.

2. Yiziphi izinto ezincane ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuvubeleni i-Vitamin C yezimboni?

Esigabeni sokuqala, ama-oxydan e-Gluconobacter asetshenziswa kabanzi ukuguqula i-D-sorbitol ibe yi-L-sorbose. Esigabeni sesibili, izinhlobo ze- Acetobacter ezithuthukisiwe noma ezithuthukisiwe ze -Gluconobacter zivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kufakwe i-L-sorbose ibe yi-2-keto-gulonic acid, okuyisandulela esiyinhloko se-Vitamin C.

3. Kungani kubalulekile ukukhetha umhlinzeki wezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-vitamin c ochwepheshe wephrojekthi entsha yesitshalo?

Ngaphandle kokunikeza ukugeleza kwenqubo, umhlinzeki onolwazi anganikeza ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlola, isiqondiso sokukhulisa, ukuzivumelanisa nomklamo wesitshalo nezinto zokusetshenziswa zasendaweni, izinto ezicatshangelwayo zokuthobela imithetho, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe besikhathi eside. Lezi zici zibalulekile ekufinyeleleni isivuno esizinzile ngemva kokuqaliswa esikhundleni sokuvivinywa kwelabhorethri kuphela.

Ubambisene ne-Asianbios ukuze uthole ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Scalable Vitamin C

Ufuna ukusungula noma ukuthuthukisa amandla akho okukhiqiza i-Vitamin C ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Vitamin C obuqinisekisiwe, obuguquguqukayo futhi obulungele imboni ? Kusukela ekuhleleni okuhlolayo kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwezitshalo zasendaweni, i-Asianbios inikeza izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezisebenzayo ezenzelwe ukusiza ukunciphisa izindleko zamayunithi, ukuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kweqembu kanye nokusekela ukukhula kwesikhathi eside. Ukuze uxoxe ngohlelo olufanele lokwenzeka kwephrojekthi yakho ethile, zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nethimba lethu lobuchwepheshe ku-plantex@asianbios.com bese uthatha isinyathelo esilandelayo sokukhiqiza okuzinzile nokusebenza kahle kwezentengiselwano.

Okubhekwayo

1. Reichstein, T. and Grüssner, A. Eine ergiebige Synthese der L-Ascorbinsäure (C-Vitamin). I-Helvetica Chimica Acta, ngo-1934.

2. Crawford, TC kanye noCrawford, SA Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-L-ascorbic acid. Intuthuko ku-Carbohydrate Chemistry kanye ne-Biochemistry, 1980.

3. Sugisawa, T., Ojima, S., Matzinger, PK kanye noHoshino, T. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-L-ascorbic acid ngama-microbial kusuka ku-D-sorbitol. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 1990.

4. Hoshino, T., Sugisawa, T. kanye noFujiwara, A. Ukukhiqizwa kwamagciwane kwe-L-ascorbic acid kusuka ku-D-sorbitol. I-Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 1991.

5. Bremus, C., Herrmann, U., Bringer-Meyer, S. kanye noSahm, H. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-microorganism ekukhiqizweni kwe-L-ascorbic acid. Ijenali ye-Biotechnology, 2006.

6. Hancock, RD kanye noViola, R. Ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokwakheka kwe-L-ascorbic acid ezitshalweni. Ukubuyekezwa Okubalulekile kuSayensi Yezitshalo, 2005.